一、草种的选择

One, selection of grass seed

选择正确的草种是后期成功种植的关键，草种的选择应该根据草坪种植的地区气候而定。例如北方气候寒冷，可以选择冷季节型草种，如黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾、剪股颖等;而在温暖的南方，可选择暖季型草种，如狗牙根、马蹄金、结缕草等。另外还有一个在冷暖区域过渡的地带，冷暖季型的草坪就都可以种植。当然以上只是基本要求，并不是说一定要按照气候温度选择草种。现在随着育种技术的发展，已经培育出可以在寒冷地区种植的暖季草种。所以可根据用户特殊需求情况而定。

Selecting the right grass species is the key to successful planting in the later stage. The selection of grass seeds should be determined according to the climate in the lawn area. For example, cold weather in the north, cold season type of grass can be selected, such as ryegrass, tall fescue, Poa pratensis, scissors spikelet, and warm south, can choose warm season grass species, such as dog root, horseshoe gold, Zoysia and so on. In addition, there is a transition zone between the cold and warm regions, and the cool and warm season lawn can be planted. Of course, the above is just the basic requirement, not that we must choose grass seeds according to climate temperature. Now with the development of breeding technology, we have bred warm season grass species that can be planted in cold areas. So it can be determined according to the special needs of the user.

二、草坪坪床建设前的准备

Two. Preparation of lawn bed before construction

1、清理场地

1. Clean up the site

清理场地主要是为了将影响草坪生长的杂物清除，例如碎石、树枝和垃圾等。将土壤表面30厘米以上的杂物清除，确保坪床的质地疏松、平整、透气。如果有残留其它植物的地下根，也要一并清除。否则腐烂后会使地面形成洼地。

The main purpose of cleaning is to remove the debris that affects the growth of lawn, such as gravel, branches and garbage. Remove debris above 30 cm from the soil surface to ensure that the texture of the bed is loose, smooth and breathable. If there are any remaining roots of other plants, they must be removed. Otherwise, it will cause the ground to form a low-lying ground.

2、清除杂草

2, weed out weeds

要建好草坪就离不开杂草的清除，杂草的问题必须先解决好才行。主要的防治手段为机械除草、除草剂除草和土壤熏蒸。

If we want to build a good lawn, we cannot get rid of weeds. The problem of weeds must be solved first. The main control measures are mechanical weeding, herbicide weeding and soil fumigation.

机械除草：主要是指靠人工定期修剪，手工拔除，除草机清除等物理除草方式，也是最传统的除草方法。这种方法的最大缺点是耗费人力，特别是面积大的区域，人工成本非常高。

Mechanical weeding is mainly based on manual regular pruning, manual removal, weeding and other physical weeding methods, and is also the most traditional way of weeding. The biggest drawback of this method is the cost of manpower, especially the area with large area. The labor cost is very high.

除草剂除草：常用的除草剂有选择性除草剂和非选择性除草剂。除草效率高，人工费用要比机械除草低。缺点也很明显，使用不当会导致其它植物的伤害，对草坪环境产生影响。

Herbicides for weeding: commonly used herbicides are selective herbicides and non selective herbicides. Herbicidal efficiency is high, and labor cost is lower than mechanical weeding. The disadvantages are also very obvious. Improper use can cause other plant injury and have an impact on the turf environment.

土壤熏蒸：减少杂草最有效的方式，还可杀死土壤中的有害病虫。常用的熏蒸剂有棉隆、氯化苦、溴甲烷等。因为熏蒸剂都具有毒性，所以在使用时需要格外注意安全，对于使用人员还需要经过严格培训方可上岗。

Soil fumigation is the most effective way to reduce weeds and kill pests and diseases in the soil. Fumigants are commonly used, such as methyl bromide chloropicrin, basamid. Because fumigant is toxic, so we need to pay special attention to safety when using. For users, we need strict training before going to work.

3、土壤PH值调整

3. The adjustment of soil pH value

草坪的适宜PH值一般在6到7左右。如果酸碱值出现波动就要及时调整。这个要根据所种植的草坪草种决定。若要降低PH值则加入硫酸铅，若是升高PH值则加入磷酸钙或石灰。

The proper pH of the lawn is about 6 to 7. If the acid and alkali value fluctuates, it should be adjusted in time. This is based on the lawn grass planted. If we want to reduce pH, we will add lead sulfate. If pH is increased, calcium phosphate or lime will be added.

4、施肥

4. Fertilization

在土壤当中加入适量的有机肥料，提高土壤中的养分，保证草坪的正常生长需要。一般有机肥有泥炭、厩肥、堆肥等。可根据草坪种植所在地条件自行选择。

Adding proper amount of organic fertilizer to soil can improve soil nutrient and ensure normal growth of lawn. The general organic fertilizer, manure, compost, peat. It can be selected according to the conditions of lawn planting.

5、平整翻耕

5. Smooth tillage

如果草坪的种植面积很大，建议用大型工作机械操作建坪。小面积区域可使用传统耕种工具人工作业。运动场应该中间隆起，以利于向四周排水。

If the lawn planting area is large, with a large mechanical operation establishment work advice. Small area can be manually operated by traditional farming tools. The sports field should be raised in the middle to facilitate drainage around.

6、排灌系统建设

6. Construction of irrigation and drainage system

排灌系统经常会因为造价原因被人所忽视。对于一块草坪而言，排灌系统都是建设工程当中不可缺少的一部分。尤其是运动场用草坪，如高尔夫球场和足球场等，排灌系统的作用至关重要。

Irrigation and drainage systems are often ignored because of cost reasons. For a lawn, irrigation and drainage system is an indispensable part of construction projects. Especially for sports fields such as golf courses and football fields, irrigation and drainage system plays a very important role.

三、播种或移栽

Three, sowing or transplanting

1、播种时间

1. Sowing time

夏末秋初适合冷季型草播种，这个时间的土壤温度较高，适合种子的萌发，很好的避开了夏季杂草的危害影响，同时对于新生长的草坪幼苗，在冬季寒冷天气来临之前拥有足够的时间生长。

At the end of summer and early autumn, it is suitable for cold season grass planting. The soil temperature of this time is high, it is suitable for the germination of seeds. It is good to avoid the harm of summer weeds. At the same time, the new growing lawn seedlings have enough time to grow before the cold weather in winter.

而暖季型草主要在夏季生长，所以，春末夏初是暖季型草最适合的播种期。

The warm season grass growth, mainly in summer and late spring and early summer is warm season grasses, the most suitable sowing period.

2、播种量

2. Sowing amount

播种数量要根据品种，环境条件和用途情况而定。可根据下方表格所列草种播种量作为参考依据，可适当增减。

The amount of sowing should be determined according to varieties, environmental conditions and uses. It can be appropriately increased or reduced according to the grass seed sowing amount listed below.