Planting techniques for greening turf

一、绿化用草坪草种的选择

Selection of green lawn grass

根据草坪对环境条件的要求来选择合适的草种。草种大体可分为冷季型草和暖季型草。冷季型草是指种植在北方冷湿和冷干旱、半干旱地，在15～25℃下最好的草坪草。我国在草坪生产上常用的有7个草种，匍匐翦股颖、细弱翦股颖、草地早熟禾、早熟禾、细羊茅、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草。其中最重要的是草地早熟禾、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草。以及匍匐翦股颖（适合北方种植及建设绿地用）。

According to the requirements of the lawn for environmental conditions, choose the suitable grass species. Grass species can be divided into cold season grass and warm season grass. Cold season grass is the best lawn grass planted in the north cold wet, cold arid, semi-arid dry land at 15~25 degrees Celsius. In China, there are 7 kinds of grass species commonly used in lawn production, namely creeping bent grass, weak grass, Poa pratensis, Poa pratensis, fescue, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Among them, Poa pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and perennial ryegrass are the most important. And creeping creeping plants (suitable for planting and building green land in the North).

暖季型草是指种植在温湿和温暖干旱、半干旱南部各地，最适合的生长温度是26～35℃，当温度在10℃以下时则出现休眠状态。主要分布在我国长江以南的广大地区。暖季型草主要有以下几个品种：结缕草、假俭草、野牛草、狗芽根和钝叶草。

Warm season grass refers to the planting in warm and wet, warm arid, semi-arid south, the most suitable growth temperature is 26~35 degrees, when the temperature is below 10 degrees, the dormancy state occurs. It is mainly distributed in vast areas south of the Yangtze River in China. Warm season grass mainly has the following varieties: Zoysia japonica, centipede grass, Buffalo Grass, dog bud root and blunt leaf grass.

二、种植技术

Two. Planting technology

1、精细整地，施足底肥

1. Fine ground, foot manure

种植草坪对土壤条件要求高，建植前要求土地非常平整，每667平方米内高度差在3～5厘米内。粘重土壤或含沙量较高的土壤都必须进行改良，便于禾草成坪后起草打卷。整地的同时要施足底肥，有条件的地区可施用腐熟的有机肥，也可用化肥，一般每平方米用二铵5克，氯化钾5克。

Turf requirements for soil conditions are high. Land requirements are very smooth before planting, and the difference is within 3~5 centimeters per 667 square meters. Soil with high viscosity or high silt content must be improved so as to facilitate the drafting and marking of grass. At the same time, the base fertilizer should be applied to the soil preparation. In the suitable area, the organic fertilizer can be used and the fertilizer can also be used. In general, 5 grams of ammonium chloride and 5 grams of potassium chloride are used for each square meter.

2、建立良好的排灌系统

2. Establish a good irrigation and drainage system

草坪生产对土壤水分要求较严格，特别是在播种后到出苗的这一段时间里，表土（2～3厘米）既不能因水分消耗而干燥，又不能田间溃水，所以必须建立良好的排灌系统。

Turf production has a strict requirement for soil moisture, especially in the period of time after sowing and seedling emergence. The surface soil (2~3 cm) can not be dry because of water consumption and can not break water in the field, so a good irrigation and drainage system must be established.

3、品种选择

3. Selection of varieties

一般草坪在建坪时，应用不同的草种混合播种或用同一草种的不同品种混合播种，而不提倡单独播种单一的品种。一般配合比例：2/3草地早熟禾十1/3高羊茅，2/3草地早熟禾十1/3黑麦草或不同品种的草地早熟禾混播。

When the lawn is built, different kinds of grass are used to sow mixed sowing or to be sowed with different varieties of the same kind of grass, but it is not advocated to sow a single variety. General proportions: 2/3 Kentucky bluegrass ten 1/3 tall fescue, 2/3 Kentucky bluegrass ten 1/3 ryegrass or different varieties of Poa pratensis mixture.

4、种子处理

4. Seed treatment

播前要进行拌种或种子包衣，地下害虫较多的地区必须用种子量的0.2%的杀虫剂（0.2%杀毒矾或甲基立枯灵）拌种，拌种时必须按要求严格进行。

Before sowing, seed dressing or seed coating should be carried out. Areas with more underground pests must be mixed with 0.2% of the seed quantity of insecticide (0.2% antitoxic alum or methyl erect blight), and it must be strictly carried out as required.

5、播种时间及播种

5, sowing time and sowing

播种时间：北京地区最佳时间是4月10～25日，8月20日至9月20日，一般提倡秋季播种，可以通过草坪正常出苗来控制杂草的生长，消除杂草的危害。

Sowing time: the best time in Beijing area is 10~25 days in April and August 20th to September 20th, which generally advocates autumn sowing. It can control the growth of weeds through the normal emergence of the lawn and eliminate the harm of weeds.

播种：单播一个品种的播量，早熟禾10～12克/平方米，黑麦草30～40克/平方米。混播时以此量计算，然后充分混匀播种。种子撒在表土相对较硬的土壤上，防止过深，然后用混土器进行混土，深度在0.5厘米左右，再用镇压器压实。

Sowing: the quantity of unicast seeding per species is 10~12 g / m2 of Kentucky bluegrass and 30~40 g / m2 of ryegrass. When mixed seeding, this amount is calculated and then fully mixed with sowing. The seeds are scattered on the relatively hard soil of the surface soil to prevent Overdepth. Then the soil is mixed with the soil mixer, the depth is about 0.5 centimeters, and then compacted by the repressor.

6、灌溉

6. Irrigation

播种结束后须进行灌溉，草坪忌大水漫灌，要求进行喷灌，喷时要求用30米的喷头，当用50米的喷头时要求必须进行土表覆盖，否则种子易被水冲走造成出苗不匀。此水必须浇足浇透，力争出苗前不再浇第二水。经过上面的精心管理，15天左右即可出苗，出苗标准1株/平方厘米即为全苗。

At the end of the sowing, irrigation should be carried out. The lawn should be irrigated by water and required to be sprinkled. 30 meters of sprinkler is required when spraying. When the spray head of 50 meters is required, it is required to cover the soil surface, otherwise the seeds are easily washed away by water and cause unevenness. The water must be poured thoroughly to make sure that no more water is poured before emergence. After careful management above, the seedlings can be sprout in about 15 days, and the emergence standard of 1 plants per square centimeter is the whole seedling.

三、出苗后的田间管理

Three. Field management after emergence

1、追肥

1.

一般草坪整个生长季节要求追肥3～4次。每次追肥的数量不宜多，掌握在5克/平方米，少量多次。尽量不追氮肥，苗情生长不良时应追磷、钾肥，促进地下根部的生长，特别是在高温高湿的夏季，更要注意。9月份后根据情况可追少量的氮肥，数量掌握在5克/平方米，可提高草坪的景观效果，提高出售价格。

General lawn requires 3~4 times of top dressing during the whole growing season. The amount of top dressing should not be more than 5 grams per square meter. Try not to catch nitrogen fertilizer. When the seedling growth is bad, we should catch up with phosphorus and potash fertilizer to promote the growth of underground roots, especially in high temperature and high humidity summer. After September, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be traced according to the situation. The quantity is controlled at 5 grams / square meter, which can improve the landscape effect of the lawn and raise the selling price.

2、灌溉

2. Irrigation

草坪出苗后应根据苗情及土壤墒情及时喷灌，喷灌的时间应掌握在日出后或中午时进行，任何情况下都要避免在夜间或傍晚灌水。

The turf should be sprinkled in time according to the seedling situation and soil moisture. The time of sprinkler irrigation should be carried out after sunrise or noon. In any case, the irrigation should be avoided at night or evening.

3、及时消灭杂草

3. Weed out weeds in time

通过我们调节草坪的播期来抑制杂草的发生；北京地区4月25日前播种结束的草坪，能有效的抑制其他杂草的发生，到杂草种子萌发时，禾草已经出苗了，且占据了大量的空间，不致形成草害。少量杂草发生时，应及时组织人工拔除，一般全生育期要进行人工除草5～6次。

We can restrain the occurrence of weeds by adjusting the sowing time of the lawn. The lawn of the sowing before April 25th in Beijing area can effectively inhibit the occurrence of other weeds. When the weed seeds germinate, the grass has come out, and it occupies a large amount of space, and does not cause grass damage. When a small amount of weeds occurs, it should be removed in a timely manner. In general, weeding should be carried out 5~6 times during the whole growth period.

4、及时修剪

4. Pruning in time

冷季型草在春、秋两个季节生长是较快的，当禾草生长的总高度超过10厘米时就要及时修剪，修剪时每次剪掉的高度不能高于总高度的1/3，不要一次剪掉太多，早晚有露水时不能修剪，遇雨停止修剪；病害大发生时停止修剪，待病害得到控制后再修剪；发病时如果因禾草较高必须修剪时，应及时对机械的刃具进行清毒，防止因剪草而加重病害；及时清除剪掉的草于田保持田间卫生，防止病菌传播。草地早熟禾、黑麦草、高羊茅等草坪草，出售前保留高度一般为7～8厘米。

Cold season grass growth is faster in the two seasons in spring and autumn. When the total height of the grass grows more than 10 centimeters, it should be pruned in time. The height of each cut should not be higher than the total height of 1/3. Do not cut off too much, when there is dew in the morning and evening, it can not be pruned, and the rain stops pruning. When disease occurs, stop pruning when the disease happens big happen, wait to prune, wait to prune, waiting to stop pruning when the disease happens big happen, pending pruning, wait to prune, waiting to stop pruning, waiting to stop pruning when the disease happens big happen, wait to prune, waiting to prune, waiting to stop pruning, waiting to stop pruning, waiting to stop pruning, waiting to stop pruning, pending when the disease occurs when big occurrence, pruning, pending When the disease is controlled and then pruned, if the grass must be pruned when the grass is high, the machine should be cleaned in time to prevent the disease from cutting grass, and the cut grass in the field should be cleared in time to keep the field health and prevent the spread of the bacteria. Turf grass, Lolium perenne, tall fescue and other turfgrass are sold at a height of 7~8 cm before sale.

5、害虫的综合防治技术

5, integrated pest control technology

（1）种子健康检验。种时选择抗虫性强的品种，严格把好检疫关，避免带入危险性的害虫。播种前用杀虫剂拌种，以防地下害虫及鼠害等。

(1) seed health test. When selecting varieties with strong insect resistance, strictly control quarantine and avoid dangerous pests. Seeds are seeded before insecticide to prevent underground pests and rodents.

（2）整地及栽培管理防治。翻耕耙压，有利于机械损失和鸟啄食昆虫。施用有

(2) prevention and control of land consolidation and cultivation. Ploughing and harping are good for mechanical loss and bird pecking. Application