德州电动伸缩门良心厂

一、草种的选择

One, selection of grass seed

选择正确的草种是后期成功种植的关键，草种的选择应该根据草坪种植的地区气候而定。例如北方气候寒冷，可以选择冷季节型草种，如黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾、剪股颖等;而在温暖的南方，可选择暖季型草种，如狗牙根、马蹄金、结缕草等。另外还有一个在冷暖区域过渡的地带，冷暖季型的草坪就都可以种植。当然以上只是基本要求，并不是说一定要按照气候温度选择草种。现在随着育种技术的发展，已经培育出可以在寒冷地区种植的暖季草种。所以可根据用户特殊需求情况而定。

Choosing the right grass seed is the key to the later successful planting, and the selection of the grass should be based on the regional climate of the lawn. For example, the cold climate in the north can choose cold season grass species, such as ryegrass, tall fescue, Poa pratensis and scythe, etc. in warm south, warm season grass species can be selected, such as bermudagrass, horseshoe, Zoysia, etc. There is also a zone in which the cold and warm season can be planted. Of course, the above is only the basic requirement, not to say that it is necessary to choose grass seed according to the climate temperature. With the development of breeding technology, warm season grass species that can be planted in cold regions have been developed. So it can be determined according to the special needs of the user.

二、草坪坪床建设前的准备

Two. Preparation of lawn bed before construction

1、清理场地

1. Clean up the site

清理场地主要是为了将影响草坪生长的杂物清除，例如碎石、树枝和垃圾等。将土壤表面30厘米以上的杂物清除，确保坪床的质地疏松、平整、透气。如果有残留其它植物的地下根，也要一并清除。否则腐烂后会使地面形成洼地。

Cleaning up the field is mainly to remove the debris that affects the growth of the lawn, such as gravel, branches and garbage. Remove the debris above 30 centimeters on the surface of the soil to ensure that the bed is loose, smooth and breathable. If there is a residual root of other plants, it is also to be removed. Otherwise, it will cause the ground to form a low-lying ground.

2、清除杂草

2, weed out weeds

要建好草坪就离不开杂草的清除，杂草的问题必须先解决好才行。主要的防治手段为机械除草、除草剂除草和土壤熏蒸。

If you want to build a lawn, you can't get rid of the weed. The problem of weeds must be solved first. The main means of prevention and control are mechanical weeding, herbicide weeding and soil fumigation.

机械除草：主要是指靠人工定期修剪，手工拔除，除草机清除等物理除草方式，也是最传统的除草方法。这种方法的最大缺点是耗费人力，特别是面积大的区域，人工成本非常高。

Mechanical weeding: mainly rely on artificial regular pruning, manual removal, removal and other physical weeding weeding machine, weeding method is also the most traditional. The biggest disadvantage of this method is the cost of manpower, especially the area with large area, and the labor cost is very high.

除草剂除草：常用的除草剂有选择性除草剂和非选择性除草剂。除草效率高，人工费用要比机械除草低。缺点也很明显，使用不当会导致其它植物的伤害，对草坪环境产生影响。

Herbicide weeding: the commonly used herbicides are selective herbicides and non selective herbicides. The efficiency of weeding is high, and the labor cost is lower than that of mechanical weeding. The disadvantages are also obvious. Improper use can cause damage to other plants and affect the lawn environment.

土壤熏蒸：减少杂草最有效的方式，还可杀死土壤中的有害病虫。常用的熏蒸剂有棉隆、氯化苦、溴甲烷等。因为熏蒸剂都具有毒性，所以在使用时需要格外注意安全，对于使用人员还需要经过严格培训方可上岗。

Soil fumigation: the most effective way to reduce weeds, and to kill the pests in the soil. Fumigants are commonly used, such as methyl bromide chloropicrin, basamid. Because the fumigant is toxic, it is necessary to pay special attention to safety in the use of the fumigant, and for the use of the personnel also need strict training.

3、土壤PH值调整

3. The adjustment of soil pH value

草坪的适宜PH值一般在6到7左右。如果酸碱值出现波动就要及时调整。这个要根据所种植的草坪草种决定。若要降低PH值则加入硫酸铅，若是升高PH值则加入磷酸钙或石灰。

The proper pH of the lawn is about 6 to 7. If the acid and alkali value fluctuates, it should be adjusted in time. This is based on the lawn grass planted. If the pH is to be reduced, lead sulfate is added, and calcium or lime is added to the pH value.

4、施肥

4. Fertilization

在土壤当中加入适量的有机肥料，提高土壤中的养分，保证草坪的正常生长需要。一般有机肥有泥炭、厩肥、堆肥等。可根据草坪种植所在地条件自行选择。

A proper amount of organic fertilizer is added to the soil to improve the nutrients in the soil and to ensure the normal growth of the lawn. The general organic fertilizer, manure, compost, peat. It can be chosen according to the condition of the lawn planting.

5、平整翻耕

5. Smooth tillage

如果草坪的种植面积很大，建议用大型工作机械操作建坪。小面积区域可使用传统耕种工具人工作业。运动场应该中间隆起，以利于向四周排水。

If the lawn planting area is large, with a large mechanical operation establishment work advice. The traditional farming tools can be used in a small area. The playground should be raised in the middle to facilitate the drainage of the surrounding area.

6、排灌系统建设

6. Construction of irrigation and drainage system

排灌系统经常会因为造价原因被人所忽视。对于一块草坪而言，排灌系统都是建设工程当中不可缺少的一部分。尤其是运动场用草坪，如高尔夫球场和足球场等，排灌系统的作用至关重要。

Irrigation and drainage systems are often ignored because of the cost reasons. For a lawn, the irrigation and drainage system is an indispensable part of the construction project. Especially in sports fields, such as golf courses and football fields, the function of irrigation and drainage system is very important.

三、播种或移栽

Three, sowing or transplanting

1、播种时间

1. Sowing time

夏末秋初适合冷季型草播种，这个时间的土壤温度较高，适合种子的萌发，很好的避开了夏季杂草的危害影响，同时对于新生长的草坪幼苗，在冬季寒冷天气来临之前拥有足够的时间生长。

Late summer and early autumn are suitable for planting cold season grass. The soil temperature at this time is relatively high, which is suitable for germination of seeds, avoiding the harm of weeds in summer, and for new growth lawn seedlings, there is enough time to grow before winter cold weather.

而暖季型草主要在夏季生长，所以，春末夏初是暖季型草最适合的播种期。

The warm season grass growth, mainly in summer and late spring and early summer is warm season grasses, the most suitable sowing period.

2、播种量

2. Sowing amount

播种数量要根据品种，环境条件和用途情况而定。可根据下方表格所列草种播种量作为参考依据，可适当增减。

The number of sowing should be determined according to the variety, environment and use. According to the seeding quantity of the grass species listed below as the reference basis, it can be appropriately increased or reduced.

季节 早熟禾

Kentucky Bluegrass

高羊茅

Festuca arundinacea

结缕草

zoysia japonica

狗牙根

Dog root

白三叶

Trifolium Trifolium

春季

Spring

15-20 g/m2

15-20 g/m2

35-40 g/m2

35-40 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

夏季

Summer

35-40 g/m2

35-40 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-10 g/m2

8-10 g/m2

秋季

Autumn

10-15 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

30-35 g/m2

30-35 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

10-15 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-12 g/m2

8-10 g/m2

8-10 g/m2

混播可适应差异较大的环境条件，可延长草坪的寿命，缺点就是草种的不统一，会使草坪颜色的不一致。所以对草种的混播需要一定的原则和依据标准。混播的方式主要有以下几种。  3、混播

The mixed sowing can adapt to the different environmental conditions and prolong the life of the lawn. The disadvantage is that the grass is not unified, and the color of the lawn will be inconsistent. So the mixed sowing of grass needs certain principles and standards. There are several kinds of mixed sowing. 3. Mixed sowing

①同型二种混：采用两种草种方式，一个为主要草种，另一个为保护草种，作为保护草种的应该是发芽迅速的草种，作用主要是在生长缓慢和柔软的草种遮荫，并且抑制杂草的生长。还能很快的看到草坪种植效果。例如在播高羊茅时混入少量的黑麦草。

(1) two kinds of homotypic mixture: two kinds of grass species, one for the main grass species and the other for protecting the grass seeds. As a grass seed protection, it should be a fast growing grass seed. Its role is mainly in slow growth and soft grass seed shading, and weed growth. It's also quick to see the effect of lawn planting. For example, when sowing tall fescue, mixed with a small amount of ryegrass.

②同种不同品种混：同一草种不同品种之间混播可以在外观上保证一致性，但是各个品种之间在适应性、抗病性等方面会有所不同。所以，混播能提高草坪的整体质量，抗病性、适应性、抗逆性都会增强。如今很多草坪公司都在试验可以混合各种草种优点的混合种，或许将来出现超级草种也是有可能的。

2. The mixture of the same species: the same mixture of different grass species can ensure consistency in appearance, but there will be differences in adaptability and disease resistance among varieties. Therefore, the mixed sowing can improve the overall quality of the lawn, and the disease resistance, adaptability and adversity resistance will be enhanced. Nowadays, many lawn companies are testing mixed species that can mix the advantages of various grass species. It may be possible to have super grass species in the future.

③异型混或交替补播：这种混播方式主要用在特殊条件，如使用冷暖型混播或暖季型草种入冬枯黄后补播冷季型草，这

The special mixed or alternating overdrilling: this mixed method is mainly used in special conditions, such as the use of cold and warm type sowing or warm season grasses and after winter overseeding turf grass, this