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可防范草皮秃斑
添加时间:2019/8/5 16:46:16     浏览次数:
可防范草皮秃斑
Avoid turf baldness
国内草皮生产者常受秃斑的困扰,严重影响了出坪率和销售。以华北地区为例,高羊茅和草地早熟禾草皮的生产周期通常为3个月左右,多数农场的苗床准备、播种和喷灌等操作使用的都是小型机械,秃斑的主要成因与这些操作的规范程度密切相关。
Domestic turf producers are often plagued by baldness, which seriously affects turf yield and sales. Taking North China as an example, the production cycle of Tall Fescue and bluegrass turf is usually about three months. Most farms use small machines for seedbed preparation, seeding and sprinkler irrigation. The main causes of baldness are closely related to the standard degree of these operations.
整地的好坏直接影响出苗率和苗期水分管理的难度。主要有3个问题需要注意,首先是深翻耕,许多人为了抢播期,多年不深翻耕,车辆和机具的碾压使下层土壤紧实,而播种前的浅旋耕仅改善了表土,这样的土壤条件会引起多种问题,有的基地甚至出现了起草皮时重型卡车车辙形状的缺苗,这就是局部土壤过度紧实的结果。由此还会引起排水不畅,病虫害多,土壤保水能力差且紧实度不均匀等问题,为苗期管理造成了很大的困难。所以建议至少每2年至3年深耕翻或重耙一次,充分改善下层土壤的渗透和通气性,并能使中上层土壤的质地更均匀。
The quality of soil preparation directly affects the emergence rate and the difficulty of water management at seedling stage. There are three main problems to be noticed: first, deep tillage. In order to rush the sowing date, many people do not plow deeply for many years. The compaction of vehicles and tools makes the lower soil compact, while the shallow rotary tillage before sowing only improves the surface soil. Such soil conditions can cause many problems. Some bases even have heavy truck ruts when drafting turf. The lack of seedlings in shape is the result of excessive compaction of local soil. This will also cause problems such as poor drainage, many pests and diseases, poor soil water retention capacity and uneven compactness, which cause great difficulties for seedling management. Therefore, it is suggested that deep tillage or re-harrowing be carried out at least every two to three years to fully improve the permeability and aeration of the lower soil and to make the texture of the upper and middle soil more uniform.
整地中的另一个主要问题是平整度,不平整的土地会导致灌溉水分布不匀并形成地表径流,直接影响出苗的均匀度和苗床水分均匀,这主要是由于浇水时种子易被冲走,苗床也很难保持一致的水分状况,结果很容易形成缺苗秃斑,所以每次播种前必须认真平整。
Another major problem in land preparation is smoothness. Uneven land will lead to irrigated water uneven distribution and surface runoff, which directly affects the evenness of seedling emergence and seedbed moisture evenness. This is mainly due to the fact that seeds are easily washed away when watering, and seedbed is difficult to maintain consistent water status, resulting in seedling deficiency and alopecia. Spots, therefore, must be carefully leveled before each sowing.
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