德州电动伸缩门良心厂

绿化用草坪种植技术

Lawn planting technology for greening

一、绿化用草坪草种的选择

Selection of lawn grass species for greening

根据草坪对环境条件的要求来选择合适的草种。草种大体可分为冷季型草和暖季型草。冷季型草是指种植在北方冷湿和冷干旱、半干旱地，在15～25℃下最好的草坪草。我国在草坪生产上常用的有7个草种，匍匐翦股颖、细弱翦股颖、草地早熟禾、早熟禾、细羊茅、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草。其中最重要的是草地早熟禾、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草。以及匍匐翦股颖（适合北方种植及建设绿地用）。

According to the requirements of the lawn for environmental conditions, choose the suitable grass species. Grass species can be divided into cold season grass and warm season grass. Cold-season grass is the best lawn grass planted in the northern cold-humid, cold-arid and semi-arid areas at 15-25 C. There are seven grass species commonly used in lawn production in China, including creeping bentgrass, thin bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, bluegrass, fescue, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. Among them, Poa pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and perennial ryegrass are the most important. And creeping creeping plants (suitable for planting and building green land in the North).

暖季型草是指种植在温湿和温暖干旱、半干旱南部各地，最适合的生长温度是26～35℃，当温度在10℃以下时则出现休眠状态。主要分布在我国长江以南的广大地区。暖季型草主要有以下几个品种：结缕草、假俭草、野牛草、狗芽根和钝叶草。

Warm-season grasses are planted in the south of warm, humid, warm, arid and semi-arid regions. The most suitable growth temperature is 26-35 C. When the temperature is below 10, it will appear dormant state. It is mainly distributed in vast areas south of the Yangtze River in China. The warm-season grass mainly includes the following varieties: Zoysia japonica, Pseudothrift, buffalo grass, bermudagrass and blunt-leaf grass.

二、种植技术

Two. Planting technology

1、精细整地，施足底肥

1, fine soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer.

种植草坪对土壤条件要求高，建植前要求土地非常平整，每667平方米内高度差在3～5厘米内。粘重土壤或含沙量较高的土壤都必须进行改良，便于禾草成坪后起草打卷。整地的同时要施足底肥，有条件的地区可施用腐熟的有机肥，也可用化肥，一般每平方米用二铵5克，氯化钾5克。

Planting lawns requires high soil conditions. Before planting, the land should be very flat, with a height difference of 3-5 centimeters per 667 square meters. Soil with high viscosity or high silt content must be improved so as to facilitate the drafting and marking of grass. Planting at the same time to apply plantar fertilizer, conditional areas can be applied to mature organic fertilizer, but also can be used chemical fertilizer, generally every square metre with 5 grams of ammonium, 5 grams of potassium chloride.

2、建立良好的排灌系统

2, establish a good irrigation and drainage system.

草坪生产对土壤水分要求较严格，特别是在播种后到出苗的这一段时间里，表土（2～3厘米）既不能因水分消耗而干燥，又不能田间溃水，所以必须建立良好的排灌系统。

Lawn production requires strict soil moisture, especially in the period from sowing to seedling emergence, the surface soil (2-3 cm) can neither be dried by water consumption, nor can the field burst, so it is necessary to establish a good irrigation and drainage system.

3、品种选择

3. Variety selection

一般草坪在建坪时，应用不同的草种混合播种或用同一草种的不同品种混合播种，而不提倡单独播种单一的品种。一般配合比例：2/3草地早熟禾十1/3高羊茅，2/3草地早熟禾十1/3黑麦草或不同品种的草地早熟禾混播。

In general, the turf should be sown with different grass species or with different varieties of the same grass species instead of single species. General proportion: 2/3 Kentucky bluegrass 11/3 tall fescue, 2/3 Kentucky bluegrass 11/3 ryegrass or different varieties of Kentucky bluegrass mixed sowing.

4、种子处理

4. Seed treatment

播前要进行拌种或种子包衣，地下害虫较多的地区必须用种子量的0.2%的杀虫剂（0.2%杀毒矾或甲基立枯灵）拌种，拌种时必须按要求严格进行。

Seed dressing or seed coating should be carried out before sowing. In areas with more underground pests, seeds must be mixed with 0.2% insecticide (0.2% acetaminophen or methyl litracycline) of seed quantity. Seed dressing must be carried out strictly according to the requirements.

5、播种时间及播种

5. Sowing time and sowing time

播种时间：北京地区最佳时间是4月10～25日，8月20日至9月20日，一般提倡秋季播种，可以通过草坪正常出苗来控制杂草的生长，消除杂草的危害。

Sowing time: the best time in Beijing is April 10-25, August 20-September 20, generally advocated autumn sowing, can control the growth of weeds through the normal emergence of lawns, weeds eliminate harm.

播种：单播一个品种的播量，早熟禾10～12克/平方米，黑麦草30～40克/平方米。混播时以此量计算，然后充分混匀播种。种子撒在表土相对较硬的土壤上，防止过深，然后用混土器进行混土，深度在0.5厘米左右，再用镇压器压实。

Sowing: The sowing rate of a single variety, Poa pratensis 10-12 g/m2, ryegrass 30-40 g/m2. When mixed seeding, this amount is calculated and then fully mixed with sowing. Seeds are sprinkled on relatively hard topsoil to prevent excessive depth, then mixed with a mixer at a depth of about 0.5 cm, and then compacted with a compactor.

6、灌溉

6. Irrigation

播种结束后须进行灌溉，草坪忌大水漫灌，要求进行喷灌，喷时要求用30米的喷头，当用50米的喷头时要求必须进行土表覆盖，否则种子易被水冲走造成出苗不匀。此水必须浇足浇透，力争出苗前不再浇第二水。经过上面的精心管理，15天左右即可出苗，出苗标准1株/平方厘米即为全苗。

After sowing must be irrigated, lawn avoid flooding irrigation, requirements for sprinkler irrigation, sprinkler with 30 meters of sprinkler, when the sprinkler with 50 meters of soil surface must be covered, otherwise the seeds easily washed away by water caused uneven emergence. The water must be poured thoroughly to make sure that no more water is poured before emergence. After careful management above, the seedlings can be sprout in about 15 days, and the emergence standard of 1 plants per square centimeter is the whole seedling.

三、出苗后的田间管理

Three. Field management after emergence.

1、追肥

1.

一般草坪整个生长季节要求追肥3～4次。每次追肥的数量不宜多，掌握在5克/平方米，少量多次。尽量不追氮肥，苗情生长不良时应追磷、钾肥，促进地下根部的生长，特别是在高温高湿的夏季，更要注意。9月份后根据情况可追少量的氮肥，数量掌握在5克/平方米，可提高草坪的景观效果，提高出售价格。

General lawn requires 3~4 times of top dressing during the whole growing season. The amount of top dressing should not be more than 5 grams per square meter. When seedling growth is poor, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to promote the growth of underground roots, especially in high temperature and humidity summer. A small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied after September, and the quantity can be controlled at 5g/m2, which can improve the landscape effect of the lawn and raise the selling price.

2、灌溉

2. Irrigation

草坪出苗后应根据苗情及土壤墒情及时喷灌，喷灌的时间应掌握在日出后或中午时进行，任何情况下都要避免在夜间或傍晚灌水。

The lawn should be sprinkled in time after seedling emergence according to seedling condition and soil moisture. The time of sprinkler irrigation should be controlled after sunrise or at noon. In any case, irrigation should be avoided at night or in the evening.

3、及时消灭杂草

3, eliminate weeds in time.

通过我们调节草坪的播期来抑制杂草的发生；北京地区4月25日前播种结束的草坪，能有效的抑制其他杂草的发生，到杂草种子萌发时，禾草已经出苗了，且占据了大量的空间，不致形成草害。少量杂草发生时，应及时组织人工拔除，一般全生育期要进行人工除草5～6次。

The turf sown before April 25 in Beijing can effectively inhibit the occurrence of other weeds. By the time the weed seeds germinate, the grass has emerged and occupies a large amount of space, so that no weed damage can be caused. When a small amount of weeds occur, artificial weeding should be organized in time. Generally, artificial weeding should be carried out 5 to 6 times during the whole growth period.

4、及时修剪

4, timely pruning

冷季型草在春、秋两个季节生长是较快的，当禾草生长的总高度超过10厘米时就要及时修剪，修剪时每次剪掉的高度不能高于总高度的1/3，不要一次剪掉太多，早晚有露水时不能修剪，遇雨停止修剪；病害大发生时停止修剪，待病害得到控制后再修剪；发病时如果因禾草较高必须修剪时，应及时对机械的刃具进行清毒，防止因剪草而加重病害；及时清除剪掉的草于田保持田间卫生，防止病菌传播。草地早熟禾、黑麦草、高羊茅等草坪草，出售前保留高度一般为7～8厘米。

Cold-season grass grows faster in spring and autumn. When the total height of grass is more than 10 cm, it should be pruned in time. When pruning, the height should not be higher than 1/3 of the total height. When the disease is under control, it should be pruned again; when the grass is high and must be pruned, the mechanical blades should be detoxified in time to prevent the disease from being aggravated by cutting grass; the grass cut off in time to maintain field hygiene and prevent the spread of pathogens. Turf grass, Lolium perenne, tall fescue and other turfgrass are sold at a height of 7~8 cm before sale.

5、害虫的综合防治技术

5. Integrated pest management technology

（1）种子健康检验。种时选择抗虫性强的品种，严格把好检疫关，避免带入危险性的害虫。播种前用杀虫剂拌种，以防地下害虫及鼠害等。

(1) seed health inspection. When selecting varieties with strong insect resistance, strictly control quarantine and avoid dangerous pests. Seeds are seeded before insecticide to prevent underground pests and rodents.

（2）整地及栽培管理防治。翻耕耙压，有利于机械损失和鸟啄食昆虫。施用有

(2) prevention and control of soil preparation and cultivation management. Ploughing and harping are good for mechanical loss and bird pecking. Application